haskell



ETTEE STATES PATENT EETEEo JAMES R. HASKELL, OF PASSAIC, NEW JERSEY,ASSIGNOR TO JULIA W. IIASKELL, OF SAME PLACE.

PROJ ECTI LE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 484,008, dated October11,1892. Application filed March 24,1890. Renewed .Tune 15, 189 l. Againrenewed March 9, 14892. Serial No. 424,268. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES R. HASKELL, a citizen of the United States,residing at Passaic, in the county of Passaic and State of New Jersey,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Projectiles, ofwhich the following is a description in such full, clear, and exactterms as will enable any one skilled in the art to which my inventionappertains or with which it is most nearly connected to make and use thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to theletters of reference marked thereon.

In said drawings, Figure lis a longitudinal elevation of my improvedprojectile as it appears inthe bore of the gun; and Figs. 2 and 3 arecross-sections through said projectile, the latter figure representing ashell instead of a solid shot.

The object of my invention is to lessen the friction and resistance ofthe projectile in its passage through the bore of the gun, to moreperfectlycenter and support it, and to prevent wabbling, insureaccuracy, and at the same time prevent the undue escape of thepropelling-gases.

The projectile is made of the general form shown by the drawings and ofany suitable metal best adapted for the purpose.

The projectile is shown by A. It is made a little less in diameter thanthe bore of the gun. On the periphery of the projectile two corrugatedbands are made in diameter eX- actly equalto the bore of the gun. In thesurface of the projectile longitudinally grooves are made to iit therifiing of the gun. In these grooves, which may be diagonal to give theshot a rotary motion, are fitted pieces of suitable antifrictionmetal-such as copper or Babbitt metal, for examplethat ride upon thelands of the ritling during the progress of the projectile through thebore of the gun. These metal pieces are fitted and adjusted in thegrooves of the projectile for the purpose of lessening friction,centering, and supporting the shotin the bore of the gun. They mayconsist of screws (shownin Fig. 2 of the drawings by d a) or they may beset or iitte'd in the grooves of the projectile by any other mechanicalmeans adapted to secure the object for which they are used. Suchcentering pieces or screws are shown in the drawings by ct. They shouldbe set directly in the bottom and center of the groove, and anti-l`friction-pieces a should be set against the` stated, the projectile canbeexactlycentered.

and the friction reduced to a minimum,while at the same time the softmetal of which they are made by being placed in the groove is saved frominjury inhandling'the projectile.;

The corrugated bands above t referred to are shown in the drawings by ob and the longitudinal or diagonal grooves by c. The corrugated bands Iprefer to make parts of the projectile itself and an integral part ofit, the corrugations being turned in the bands, or they may be made ofseparate pieces of metal tted into or upon the projectile; but in nocase must the 'corrugations be greater in diameter than the bore of thegun, and in all cases the corrugations should be filled with a suitablelubricant before being put in the gun.

The projectile now in general use in breechloading guns is made torotate around its own axis by soft-metal bands, principally made ofcopper, attached to the projectile and of greater diameter than theprojectile itself and of the bore of the gun, the breech of the gunbeing chambered out to a greater diameter than its bore, so that thebands on the projectile will pass easily into the breech down to thepointl where the riding begins. These soft-metal bands are smooth andround, having no longitudinal grooves in them, so that upon theexplosion of the charge ofV the gun the projectile is driven forwardinto the riding,

the grooves and lands of the rifiing being cut ICO force. By myimprovement this friction, resistance, and strain upon the gun areavoided, the full power of the charge being utilized in propellingtheshot, nopart of it being absorbed in cutting grooves in the projectile.In considering this projectile it must be borne in mind that thecorrugated bands on its periphery are not grooved longitudinally by therifiing of the gun, nor have they any influence whatever upon the rotarymotion of the projectile. They are merely designed to ll the spacebetween the external surface of the bore of the gun for the purpose ofpreventing the undue escape of the gases past the projectile, therotating motion of the projectile being imparted to it by the diagonalgrooves c, into which the lands of the riiiing are made to iit,

the grooves being supplied with centering screws or plates ofantifriction metal, by which the projectile is exactly centered and bywhich all wabbling and inaccuracy of the projectile in its flight areavoided.

This projectile is intended to be made in the form of a shell as well asa solid shot and used in the projection of high explosives as well as ofpowder, and in the event that experienee should show it to be necessaryit is my purpose to cast the shell of equal thickness on all sides,retaining the same form inside as that of the outside of the projectile,

so that the projectile in rotating will carry with it in its rotationany explosive with which it may be charged, as shown by Fig. 3.

Having thus described my improved projectile, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A projectile of a diameter less than the bore ofthe gun,correspondingly riiied before it is introduced into the barrel andhaving one or more raised gas-check rings made to iit the internalsurface of the barrel, substantially as described.

2. A projectile having grooves made in the surface thereof to t therifling of the gun, said grooves being provided with suitableantifriction bearing-pieces for the purpose of diminishing friction,substantially as described.

3. A hollow projectile having longitudinal groovesin its exteriorsurface and corresponding projections in its interior, the wall of theshell being of equal thickness throughout its entire circumference, theprojections on the inside corresponding to the indentations made on theoutside, for the purpose specilied.

JAMES R. HASKELL.

Witnesses:

J. EDGAR BULL, R. A. CORINALDI.

